Thursday, June 30, 2011

Famous Quotations about History


Famous Quotations about History

1-History is a cyclic poem written by Time upon the memories of man.  ~Percy Bysshe Shelley


2-If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.  ~Pearl Buck


3-History is philosophy teaching by examples.  ~Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War


4-People are trapped in history, and history is trapped in them.  ~James Baldwin, Notes of a Native Son


5-The great eventful Present hides the Past; but through the din
Of its loud life hints and echoes from the life behind steal in.
~John Greenleaf Whittier


6-Until lions have their historians, tales of the hunt shall always glorify the hunters.  ~African Proverb


7-The memories of men are too frail a thread to hang history from.  ~John Still, The Jungle Tide


8-All the ancient histories, as one of our wits say, are just fables that have been agreed upon.  ~Voltaire, Jeannot et Colin


9-Professor Johnston often said that if you didn't know history, you didn't know anything.  You were a leaf that didn't know it was part of a tree.  ~Michael Crichton, Timeline


10-We used to root for the Indians against the cavalry, because we didn't think it was fair in the history books that when the cavalry won it was a great victory, and when the Indians won it was a massacre.  ~Dick Gregory


History is herstory, too.  ~Author Unknown


A history in which every particular incident may be true may on the whole be false.  ~Thomas Babington Macaulay


History with its flickering lamp stumbles along the trail of the past, trying to reconstruct its scenes, to revive its echoes, and kindle with pale gleams the passion of former days.  ~Winston Churchill


History is a mighty dramos, enacted upon the theatre of times, with suns for lamps and eternity for a background.  ~Thomas Carlyle


History is a novel for which the people is the author.  ~Alfred de Vigny, Réflexions sur la Vérité dans l'Art


History is a kind of introduction to more interesting people than we can possibly meet in our restricted lives; let us not neglect the opportunity.  ~Dexter Perkins


History was a trash bag of random coincidences torn open in a wind.  Surely, Watt with his steam engine, Faraday with his electric motor, and Edison with his incandescent light bulb did not have it as their goal to contribute to a fuel shortage some day that would place their countries at the mercy of Arab oil.  ~Joseph Heller, Good as Gold


Very few things happen at the right time, and the rest do not happen at all:  the conscientious historian will correct these defects.  ~Herodotus, The History of Herodotus


History:  gossip well told.  ~Elbert Hubbard, The Roycroft Dictionary


History is a symphony of echoes heard and unheard.  It is a poem with events as verses.  ~Charles Angoff


If one could make alive again for other people some cobwebbed skein of old dead intrigues and breathe breath and character into dead names and stiff portraits.  That is history to me!  ~George Macaulay Trevelyan


The history of the world is the record of a man in quest of his daily bread and butter.  ~Hendrik Wilhelm van Loon, The Story of Mankind


Historians are gossips who tease the dead.  ~Voltaire, Scribbling Books


History is filled with the sound of silken slippers going downstairs and wooden shoes coming up.  ~Voltaire


We are the prisoners of history.  Or are we?  ~Robert Penn Warren, Segregation


History never looks like history when you are living through it.  ~John W. Gardner


Legend:  A lie that has attained the dignity of age.  ~H.L. Mencken


God cannot alter the past, though historians can.  ~Samuel Butler, "Prose Observations"


History is the sum total of the things that could have been avoided.  ~Konrad Adenauer


Oh, God.  The Sixties are coming back.  Well I've got a 12-gauge double-barreled duck gun chambered for three-inch Magnum shells.  And - speaking strictly for this retired hippie and former pinko beatnik - if the Sixties head my way, they won't get past the porch steps.  They will be history.  Which, for chrissakes, is what they're supposed to be.  ~P.J. O'Rourke


The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice.  ~Mark Twain, Following the Equator


Poetry is nearer to vital truth than history.  ~Plato, Ion


History is a vast early warning system.  ~Norman Cousins


Historian:  an unsuccessful novelist.  ~H.L. Mencken


Historian:  A broad-gauge gossip.  ~Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary


History is a great dust heap.  ~Thomas Carlyle, Obiter Dicta


Most history is guessing, and the rest is prejudice.  ~Will and Ariel Durant, Our Oriental Heritage


A lot of history is just dirty politics cleaned up for the consumption of children and other innocents.  ~Richard Reeves


History is past politics, and politics present history.  ~John Robert Seeley, The Growth of British Policy


Bound as our lives are to the tyranny of time, it is through what we know of history that we are delivered from our bonds and escape - into time.  ~A.L. Rowse, The Use of History


The lovers of romance can go elsewhere for satisfaction but where can the lovers of truth turn if not to history?  ~Katharine Anthony


Man is a history-making creature who can neither repeat his past nor leave it behind.  ~W.H. Auden, The Dyer's Hand


Neither a wise man nor a brave man lies down on the tracks of history to wait for the train of the future to run over him.  ~Dwight D. Eisenhower


Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.  ~Author Unknown


History is full of the dead weight of things which have escaped the control of the mind, yet drive man on with a blind force.  ~Frederick Maurice Powicke, History, Freedom & Religion


Political history is far too criminal and pathological to be a fit subject of study for the young.  Children should acquire their heroes and villains from fiction.  ~W.H. Auden, A Certain World


More history's made by secret handshakes than by battles, bills, and proclamations.  ~John Barth, The Sot-Weed Factor


If an historian were to relate truthfully all the crimes, weaknesses and disorders of mankind, his readers would take his work for satire rather than for history.  ~Pierre Bayle, Historical and Critical Dictionary


Too many historical writers are the votaries of cults, which, by definition are dedicated to whitewashing warts and hanging halos.  ~Thomas A. Bailey


Histories are a kind of distilled newspapers.  ~Thomas Carlyle, Heroes and Hero Worship


People think too historically.  They are always living half in a cemetery.  ~Aristide Briand


Happy the people whose annals are blank in history-books.  ~Thomas Carlyle,Life of Frederick the Great


Sin writes histories, goodness is silent.  ~Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Table - Talk


[History is] the story of the magnificent rear-guard action fought during several thousand years by dogma against curiosity.  ~Robert S. Lynd


History begins in novel and ends in essay.  ~Thomas Babington Macaulay


[W]hen a historian enters into metaphysics he has gone to a far country from whose bourne he will never return a historian.  ~Shailer Mathews, The Spiritual Interpretation of History


It is part of my creed that the only poetry is history, could we tell it right.  ~Thomas Carlyle


[T]he Present is the living sum-total of the whole Past.  ~Thomas Carlyle,Characteristics


History:  An account mostly false, of events mostly unimportant, which are brought about by rulers mostly knaves, and soldiers mostly fools.  ~Ambrose Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary


Every age has a keyhole to which its eye is pasted.  ~Mary McCarthy, On the Contrary


What is the fire in our belly but the eternal flame of a thousand ancestors.  ~Robert Brault, www.robertbrault.com


As soon as histories are properly told there is no more need of romances.  ~Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass


History is merely gossip.  ~Oscar Wilde, Lady Windermere's Fan


Some write a narrative of wars and feats,
Of heroes little known, and call the rant
A history.
~William Cowper, The Task, The Garden


The writing of histories - as Goethe once noted - is one way of getting rid of the weight of the past.... The writing of history liberates us from history.  ~Benedetto Croce, History as the Story of Liberty


Historians are like deaf people who go on answering questions that no one has asked them.  ~Leo Tolstoy


The challenge of history is to recover the past and introduce it to the present.  ~David Thelen


If you go back through 2000 years, I guess luck, Marx, and God have made history, the three of them together.  ~Theodore White


Princes should have more to fear from historians than have ugly women from great painters.  ~Antonio Pérez, Aforismos


Historical investigation has for its aim to fix the order and character of events throughout past time and in all places.  The task is frankly superhuman.  ~George Santayana, The Life of Reason


Man watches his history on the screen with apathy and an occasional passing flicker of horror or indignation.  ~Conor Cruise O'Brien


The South creates the civilizations, the North conquers them, ruins them, borrows from them, spreads them:  this is one summary of history.  ~Will and Ariel Durant, Lessons of History


History is the transformation of tumultuous conquerors into silent footnotes.  ~Paul Eldridge, Maxims for a Modern Man


The Past lies upon the Present like a giant's dead body.  ~Nathaniel Hawthorne,The House of Seven Gables


Historians of literature like to regard a century as a series of ten faces, each grimacing in a different way.  ~Richard Ellman


History is never antiquated, because humanity is always fundamentally the same.  ~Walter Rauschenbusch


History maketh a young man to be old, without either wrinkles or gray hairs; priviledging him with the experience of age, without either the infirmities or inconveniences thereof.  ~Thomas Fuller


I see History as a relay race in which one of us, before dropping in his tracks, must carry one stage further the challenge of being a man.  ~Romain Gary


Perhaps history is a thing that would stop happening if God held His breath, or could be imagined as turning away to think of something else.  ~Herbert Butterfield, Christianity and History


Crimes of which a people is ashamed constitute its real history.  The same is true of man.  ~Jean Genet


When a history book contains no lies it is always tedious.  ~Anatole France, The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard


Men have need of history because, without it, the past threatens to overwhelm them.  ~Guy Fregault, La guerre de la conquête


Isn't it amazing the way the future succeeds in creating an appropriate past?  ~John Leonard


History is never above the melee.  It is not allowed to be neutral, but forced to enlist in every army.  ~Allan Nevins, The Gateway to History


History, like a vast river, propels logs, vegetation, rafts, and debris; it is full of live and dead things, some destined for resurrection; it mingles many waters and holds in solution invisible substances stolen from distant soils.  ~Jacques Barzun,Clio and the Doctors


History is the action and reaction of these two, nature and thought - two boys pushing each other on the curbstone of the pavement.  ~Ralph Waldo Emerson,The Conduct of Life: Fate


All that the historians give us are little oases in the desert of time, and we linger fondly in these, forgetting the vast tracks between one and another that were trodden by the weary generations of men.  ~John Alfred Spender, The Comments of Bagshot


A boy who hears a lesson in history ended by the beauty of peace, and how Napoleon brought ruin upon the world and that he should be forever cursed, will not long have much confidence in his teacher.  He wants to hear more about the fighting and less about the peace negotiations.  ~William Lee Howard, Peace, Dolls and Pugnacity


[H]istory is a melodrama on the theme of parasitism, characterized by scenes that are exciting or dull, as the case may be, and many a sudden stagetrick.  ~Max Nordau, The Interpretation of History


History is but the record of the public and official acts of human beings.  It is our object, therefore, to humanize our history and deal with people past and present; people who ate and possibly drank; people who were born, flourished and died; not grave tragedians, posing perpetually for their photographs.  ~Bill Nye,History of the United States


History fades into fable; fact becomes clouded with doubt and controversy; the inscription molders from the tablet:  the statue falls from the pedestal.  Columns, arches, pyramids, what are they but heaps of sand; and their epitaphs, but characters written in the dust?  ~Washington Irving, The Sketch Book: Westminster Abbey


For what is history, but... huge libel on human nature, to which we industriously add page after page, volume after volume, as if we were holding up a monument to the honor, rather than the infamy of our species.  ~Washington Irving, History of New York


Take from the altars of the past the fire - not the ashes.  ~Jean Jaures


The middle sort of historians (of which the most part are) spoil all; they will chew our meat for us.  ~Michel de Montaigne, translated


Perhaps nobody has changed the course of history as much as the historians.  ~Franklin P. Jones


Woe unto the defeated,
whom history treads
into the dust.
~Arthur Koestler, Darkness at Noon


The obscurest epoch is today.  ~Robert Louis Stevenson, Across the Plains


A mere compilation of facts presents only the skeleton of History; we do but little for her if we cannot invest her with life, clothe her in the habiliments of her day, and enable her to call forth the sympathies of succeeding generations.  ~Hannah Farnham Lee, The Huguenots in France and America


It is a great pity that every human being does not, at an early stage of his life, have to write a historical work.  He would then realize that the human race is in quite a jam about truth.  ~Rebecca West


For me there is no greater subject than history.  How a man can study it and not be forced to become a philosopher, I cannot tell.  ~George E. Wilson


Our history is every human history; a black and gory business, with more scoundrels than wise men at the lead, and more louts than both put together to cheer and follow.  ~Philip Wylie, Generation of Vipers


What would constitute useful history?  That which should teach us our duties and our rights, without appearing to teach them.  ~Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary


It might be a good idea if the various countries of the world would occasionally swap history books, just to see what other people are doing with the same set of facts.  ~Bill Vaughan


Whose game was empires and whose stakes were thrones,
Whose table earth, whose dice were human bones.
~George Gordon, Lord Byron, "The Age of Bronze"


Histories used often to be stories:  the fashion now is to leave out the story.  Our histories are stall-fed:  the facts are absorbed by the reflexions, as the meat is sometimes by the fat.  ~Augustus William Hare and Julius Charles Hare, Guesses at Truth, by Two Brothers, 1827


A look at the past reminds us of how great is the distance, and how short, over which we have come.  The past makes us ask what we have done with us.  It makes us ask whether our very achievements are not ironical counterpoint and contrast to our fundamental failures.  ~Robert Penn Warren


Knowledge of history frees us to be contemporary.  ~Lynn White, Jr.


The past actually happened but history is only what someone wrote down.  ~A. Whitney Brown, The Big Picture


History is a pack of lies about events that never happened told by people who weren't there.  ~George Santayana


I don't know much about history, and I wouldn't give a nickel for all the history in the world.  History is more or less bunk.  It is a tradition.  We want to live in the present, and the only history that is worth a tinker's damn is the history we make today.  ~Henry Ford


A lot of guys have had a lot of fun joking about Henry Ford because he admitted one time that he didn't know history.  He don't know it, but history will know him.  He has made more history than his critics ever read.  ~Will Rogers


The past is really almost as much a work of the imagination as the future.  ~Jessamyn West


History is a gallery of pictures in which there are few originals and many copies.  ~Alexis de Tocqeville, 1856


Whosoever, in writing a modern history, shall follow truth too near the heels, it may haply strike out his teeth.  ~Walter Raleigh, History of the World


History in general is a collection of crimes, follies, and misfortunes among which we have now and then met with a few virtues, and some happy times.  ~Voltaire,L'Ingénu


History... is, indeed, little more than the register of the 'crimes, follies, and misfortunes' of mankind.  But what experience and history teach is this - that peoples and governments have never learned anything from history, or acted on principles deduced from it.  ~Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History, "Introduction," 1807


History balances the frustration of "how far we have to go" with the satisfaction of "how far we have come."  It teaches us tolerance for the human shortcomings and imperfections which are not uniquely of our generation, but of all time.  ~Lewis F. Powell, Jr.


The dead hand has too long hampered the freedom of the living.  ~James Robertson


The historian has before him a jigsaw puzzle from which many pieces have disappeared.  These gaps can be filled only by his imagination.  ~Gaetano Salvemini, Historian and Scientist


History knows that it can wait for more evidence and review its older verdicts; it offers an endless series of courts of appeal, and is ever ready to reopen closed cases.  ~William Stubbs


Skepticism is history's bedfellow.  ~Edgar Saltus


The effects of human wickedness are written on the page of history in characters of blood: but the impression soon fades away; so more blood must be shed to renew it.  ~Augustus William Hare and Julius Charles Hare, Guesses at Truth, by Two Brothers, 1827


History does not unfold:  it piles up.  ~Robert M. Adams, Bad Mouth


The day before yesterday always has been a glamour day.  The present is sordid and prosaic.  Time colors history as it does a meerschaum pipe.  ~Vincent Starrett, Buried Caesars


History is a pageant and not a philosophy.  ~Augustine Birrell, Obiter Dicta: The Muse of History


History, like thermodynamics, won't let you out.  ~Ira Haron


Radical historians now the tell the story of Thanksgiving from the point of view of the turkey.  ~Mason Cooley


History is nothing but a problem of mechanics applied to psychology.  ~Hippolyte Taine


History:  the category of human phenomena which tends to catastrophe.  ~Jules Romains, Men of Good Will


The public history of all countries, and all ages, is but a sort of mask, richly colored.  The interior working of the machinery must be foul.  ~John Quincy Adams


History - that little sewer where man loves to wallow.  ~Francis Ponge


History:  a collection of epitaphs.  ~Elbert Hubbard, The Roycroft Dictionary


Unfortunately, it is also true that the age's interests often color the past with unhistoric hues.  ~Wendell H. Stephenson


Every great writer is a writer of history, let him treat on almost any subject he may.  ~Walter Savage Landor, Imaginary Conversation: Diogenes and Plato


[T]he historian must serve two masters, the past and the present.  ~Fritz Stern,The Varieties of History


[History is] a damn dim candle over a damn dark abyss.  ~W. Stull Holt


[W]hat mountains of dead ashes, wreck and burnt bones, does assiduous pedantry dig up from the past time and name it History.  ~Thomas Carlyle


No one can really know the life of his own day, let alone that of times long past.  Always the historian sees as in a mirror darkly, the reds and the golds rendered drab by the shadows of time.  ~Earl R. Beck, On Teaching History in Colleges and Universities


When we skim along the surface of history we see little but the rough barren rocks that rise out of it.  ~Augustus William Hare and Julius Charles Hare,Guesses at Truth, by Two Brothers, 1827


Man is an historical animal, with a deep sense of his own past; and if he cannot integrate the past by a history explicit and true, he will integrate it by a history implicit and false.  ~Geoffrey Barraclough, History in a Changing World


The idea of history in any age, like the idea of property, or of progress, is an unstable compound; it is put together as needed, by historians or by philosophers, out of the irreconcilable opinions of men.  ~F. Smith Fussner, The Historical Revolution


Even the most painstaking history is a bridge across an eternal mystery.  ~Bruce Catton, Prefaces to History


Almost the whole of history is but a sequence of horrors.  ~Sébastien Roch Nicolas Chamfort, Maxims and Considerations


One of the deepest impulses in man is the impulse to record, - to scratch a drawing on a tusk or keep a diary, to collect sagas and heap cairns.  This instinct as to the enduring value of the past is, one might say, the very basis of civilization.  ~John Jay Chapman, Memories and Milestones


History is not the past, but a map of the past drawn from a particular point of view to be useful to the modern traveler.  ~Henry Glassie


A history in which every particular incident may be true may on the whole be false.  ~Thomas Babington Macaulay


History, that excitable and unreliable old lady.  ~Guy de Maupassant, Sur l'Eau


Wars usually have the effect of speeding up the process of history.  ~Pieter Geyl,Debates With Historians


[I]t was that there are no simple lessons in history, that it is human nature that repeats itself, not history.  ~John Toland


[History] is fallible as every man is fallible.  But it is likewise trustworthy, as a man is trustworthy who has looked into himself and come to know how blended are dust and fire in the innermost recesses of the human heart.  ~Arthur Bestor


There is nothing more dangerous than history used as a defense, or history used for preaching; history used as a tool is no longer history.  ~Marcel Trudel


We are never completely contemporaneous with our present.  History advances in disguise; it appears on stage wearing a mask of the preceding scene, and we tend to lose the meaning of the play.  ~Régis Debray, Revolution in the Revolution?


History is the open Bible:  we historians are not priests to expound it infallibly:  our function is to teach people to read it and to reflect upon it for themselves.  ~George Macaulay Trevelyan


Delusion about history is a serious matter; it can gravely affect the history that is waiting to be made.  ~John Terraine


History supplies little beyond a list of those who have accommodated themselves with the property of others.  ~Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary


The real history does not get written, because it is not in people's brains but in their nerves and vitals.  ~Alfred North Whitehead, Dialogues of Alfred North Whitehead


Clio may be the most austere and chaste of the Muses, but she has been known to come down informally from Mount Helicon in a mood so raffish that there are those who claim to have seen her with her slip showing.  ~Willis Thornton, Fable, Fact and History


And how fascinating history is - the long, variegated pageant of man's still continuing evolution of this strange planet, so much the most interesting of all the myriads of spinners through space.  ~George Macaulay Trevelyan, An Autobiography


No modern idea has affected history more than the passion of nationalism.  ~Charles R. Poinsatte, Understanding History Through the American Experience


A nation that forgets its past can function no better than an individual with amnesia.  ~David McCullough


The good historian is like the giant of the fairy tale.  He knows that wherever he catches the scent of human flesh, there his quarry lies.  ~Marc Bloch, The Historian's Craft


The historian has been the hearth at which the soul of the country has been kept alive.  ~John Morley, Notes on Politics and History


It has become too easy to see that the luckless men of the past lived by mistakes, even absurd beliefs, so we may well fail in a decent respect for them, and forget that historians of the future will point out that we too lived by myths.  ~Herbert J. Muller, Freedom in the Western World


You don't change the course of history by turning the faces of portraits to the wall.  ~Jawaharlal Nehru


The best portraits are perhaps those in which there is a slight mixture of caricature; and we are not certain that the best histories are not those in which a little of the exaggeration of fictitious narrative is judiciously employed.  Something is lost in accuracy; but much is gained in effect.  The fainter lines are neglected; but the great characteristic features are imprinted on the mind forever.  ~Thomas Babington Macaulay, Machiavelli


History is the story of events, with praise or blame.  ~Cotton Mather


If history were a photograph of the past it would be flat and uninspiring.  Happily, it is a painting; and, like all works of art, it fails of the highest truth unless imagination and ideas are mixed with the paints.  ~Allen Nevins


A recorded past is no more than a bygone present composed of the footprints made by human beings actually going somewhere but not knowing (in any extended sense), and certainly not revealing to us, how, they came to be afoot on these particular journeys.  ~Michael Oakeshott, On History


Historians are themselves products of history.  ~Paul K. Conkin and Roland N. Stromberg, Heritage and Challenge


History is politics projected into the past.  ~M.N. Pokrovsky


The tapestry of history that seems so full of tragedy when viewed from the front has countless comic scenes woven into its reverse side.  In truth, tragedy and comedy are the twin masks of history - its mass appeal.  ~José Ortega y Gasset,Historical Reason


It is striking how history, when resting on the memory of men, always touches the bounds of mythology.  ~Leopold von Ranke, History of the Popes


It is with nations as it is with individuals.  A book of history is a book of sermons.  ~Arthur Conan Doyle, Micah Clarke


History portrays everything as if it could not have come otherwise.  History is on the side of what happened.  ~Elias Canetti, The Human Province


In a certain sense all men are historians.  ~Thomas Carlyle, Essays: On History


It is pleasant to be transferred from an office where one is afraid of a sergeant-major into an office where one can intimidate generals, and perhaps this is why history is so attractive to the more timid among us.  We can recover self-confidence by snubbing the dead.  ~E.M. Forster, Abinger Harvest


The lesson of history is rarely learned by the actors themselves.  ~James A. Garfield



The amazing thing since so many variables enter into historical judgments, is not that historians disagree but that they agree as often as they do.  ~Louis Gottschalk,Understanding History


History is written by the winners.  ~Alex Haley


[History is] that terrible mill in which sawdust rejoins sawdust.  ~Edith Sitwell


History is the daughter of time.  ~Lucien Febvre, The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century


History paints the human heart.  ~Napoleon I


Events in the past may roughly be divided into those which probably never happened and those which do not matter.  ~W.R. Inge, Assessments and Anticipations


It takes a great deal of history to produce a little literature.  ~Henry James, Life of Nathaniel Hawthorne


History is an argument without end.  ~Pieter Geyl


This is my history; like all other histories, a narrative of misery.  ~Samuel Johnson


History is a bath of blood.  ~William James, Memories and Studies


History... is an aggregation of truths, half-truths, semi-truths, fables, myths, rumors, prejudices, personal narratives, gossip, and official prevarications.  It is a canvas upon which thousands of artists throughout the ages have splashed their conceptions and interpretations of a day and an era.  Some motifs are grotesque and some are magnificent.  ~Philip D. Jordan


We proceed out of history into history again.  ~Sidney Alexander


The game of history is usually played by the best and the worst over the heads of the majority in the middle.  ~Eric Hoffer, The True Believer


[H]istory gives answers only to those who know how to ask questions.  ~Hajo Holborn, History and the Humanities


There is no such thing as a neutral or purely objective historian.  Without an opinion a historian would be simply a ticking clock, and unreadable besides.  ~Philip Howard


History offers some consolation by reminding us that sin has flourished in every age.  ~Will and Ariel Durant, Lessons of History


[T]he historian and the detective have much in common.  ~Mark M. Krug,History and the Social Sciences


History is the synthesis of all social sciences turned towards the past.  ~Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie


Civilization is a stream with banks.  The stream is sometimes filled with blood from people killing, stealing, shouting and doing the things historians usually record, while on the banks, unnoticed, people build homes, make love, raise children, sing songs, write poetry and even whittle statues.  The story of civilization is the story of what happened on the banks.  Historians are pessimists because they ignore the banks for the river.  ~Will Durant


The present is the past rolled up for action, and the past is the present unrolled for understanding.  ~Will and Ariel Durant, The Reformation


[T]he historian lays humanity on the couch.  ~Lynn White, Jr.


History is the most dangerous product which the chemistry of the mind has concocted.  Its properties are well known.  It produces dreams and drunkenness.  It fills people with false memories, exaggerates their reactions, exacerbates old grievances, torments them in their repose, and encourages either a delirium of grandeur or a delusion of persecution.  It makes whole nations bitter, arrogant, insufferable and vainglorious.  ~Paul Valéry, Regards sur le Monde Actuel


The study of history is the playground of patriotism.  ~George M. Wrong


History, as long as it continues to happen, is always another chance.  ~R. Jackson Wilson


History being the record of human action is a richly variegated material, and it is not easy to give a true impression of the stuff by snipping off an inch or two for a pattern.  ~Cicely Veronica Wedgwood, Truth and Opinion


History is the propaganda of the victors.  ~Ernst Toller


[Some historians hold that history] is just one damned thing after another.  ~Arnold Toynbee


Every true history must force us to remember that the past was once as real as the present and as uncertain as the future.  ~George Macaulay Trevelyan, Clio, A Muse


People tend to forget that the word "history" contains the word "story".  ~Ken Burns


The past is malleable and flexible, changing as our recollection interprets and re-explains what has happened.  ~Peter Berger


History is a tool used by politicians to justify their intentions.  ~Ted Koppel


The notion that any one person can describe 'what really happened' is an absurdity.  If ten - or a hundred - people witness an event, there will be ten - or a hundred - different versions of what took place.  ~David and Leigh Eddings


Every major horror of history was committed in the name of an altruistic motive.  Has any act of selfishness ever equaled the carnage perpetrated by disciples of altruism?  ~Ayn Rand, The Fountainhead


[H]istorians have powerful imaginations, which are essential and dangerous.  ~Robert Stinson


As Geography without History seemeth a carkasse without motion; so History without Geography wandreth as a Vagrant without a certaine habitation.  ~John Smith


The historian reports to us, not events themselves, but the impressions they have made on him.  ~Heinrich von Sybel


If the past has been an obstacle and a burden, knowledge of the past is the safest and the surest emancipation.  ~John Acton


History provides neither compensation for suffering nor penalties for wrong.  ~John Acton


History studies not just facts and institutions, its real subject is the human spirit.  ~Fustel de Coulange, La Cité antique, 1864


All other forms of history - economic history, social history, psychological history, above all sociology - seem to me history with the history left out.  ~A.J.P. Taylor


Too many so-called historians are really 'hysterians'; their thinking is more visceral than cerebral.  When their duties as citizens clash with their responsibilities as scholars, Clio frequently takes a back seat.  ~Thomas A. Bailey


History is principally the inaccurate narration of events which ought not to have happened.  ~Earnest Albert Hooten, The Twilight of Man


[T]hat is the triumph of history - truth absolute is not at hand; the original with which to match the copy does not exist.  ~Jacques Barzun, Clio and the Doctors


Without philosophy, history seems to me to be deaf and dumb.  ~Ferdinand Baur,Symbolik und Mythologic


The past remains integral to us all, individually and collectively.  We must concede the ancients their place, as I have argued.  But their place is not simply back there in a separate and foreign country; it is assimilated in ourselves, and resurrected into an ever-changing present.  ~David Lowenthal, The Past Is a Foreign Country


For the rubble of history, which is undigested and therefore goes on blindly, does not lie so thickly on the ground as in our own consciousness.  ~Herbert Lüthy


Unlike poetry and music, the art of history is cumulative.  ~John Clive, Not By Fact Alone


In studying history we are finding out about ourselves, and in the last resort the natural sciences and even mathematics have the same final end.  ~Vivian Hunter Galbraith, An Introduction to the Study of History


History is the record of what one age finds worthy of note in another.  ~Jacob Burckhardt


The entire history of mankind is, in any case, nothing but a prolonged fight to the death for the conquest of universal prestige and absolute power.  ~Albert Camus,The Rebel


History is concerned primarily with human phenomena, not with natural; and history is doubly human because, as an idea, it is man's creation, challenging him to transcend the limits of information about himself and to discover what he is by finding meaning in what he has done.  In short, it is man's commentary on man.  ~John Barker, The Superhistorians


For me, in fact, the mark of the historic is the nonchalance with which it picks up an individual and deposits him in a trend, like a house playfully moved by a tornado.  ~Mary McCarthy, On the Contrary


The unrecorded past is none other than our old friend, the tree in the primeval forest which fell without being heard.  ~Barbara Tuchman


Our historic imagination is at best slightly developed.  We generalise and idealise the past egregiously.  We set up little toys to stand as symbols for centuries and the complicated lives of countless individuals.  ~John Dewey, Characters and Events


[History is] a tyranny over the souls of the dead - and so the imagination of the living.  ~William Carlos Williams


The mists remain of the false glory that erupts from history.  ~Miguel de Unamuno, En Gredos


History is the discipline closest to life; and life is rarely free of contradictions.  ~Karl J. Weintraub, Visions of Culture


History is who we are and why we are the way we are.  ~David McCullough


History is the myth, the true myth, of man's fall made manifest in time.  ~Henry Miller, Plexus


The historian amputates reality.  ~Gaetano Salvemini, Historian and Scientist


History is a jangle of accidents, blunders, surprises and absurdities, and so is our knowledge of it, but if we are to report it at all we must impose some order upon it.  ~Henry Steele Commanger, The Nature and the Study of History


History is not a pattern-book of fossilized ideologies.  ~Frederick Maurice Powicke, Three Lectures


History... is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake.  ~James Joyce,Ulysses


History is but the nail on which the picture hangs.  ~Alexandre Dumas, Catherine Howard


The future is dark, the present burdensome.  Only the past, dead and buried, bears contemplation.  ~G.R. Elton, The Practice of History


All history becomes subjective; in other words there is properly no history, only biography.  ~Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essays: History


History is the essence of innumerable biographies.  ~Thomas Carlyle, On History


History only exists, in the final analysis, for God.  ~Albert Camus, The Rebel


[History is] petrified imagination.  ~Arthur Baer


It is the true office of history to represent the events themselves, together with the counsels, and to leave the observations and conclusions thereupon to the liberty and faculty of every man's judgment.  ~Francis Bacon, Advancement of Learning


[History is a] mixture of error and violence.  ~Johann Wolfgang von Goethe


No less than the tourist, the writer of history profits from maps.  ~Charles F. Mullett


Man simply cannot live as the time-animal and the art-animal that he is, without history.  ~Carlton J.H. Hayes


To many of the modern generations, history, like God, is dead.  ~Derek Heather


[H]istory is the sextant of states which, tossed by wind and current, would be lost in confusion if they could not fix their position.  ~Allan Nevins, The Gateway to History


No other discipline has its portals so wide open to the general public as history.  ~Johan Huizinga, Men and Ideas


A mind devoid of prepossessions is likely to be devoid of all mental furniture.  And the historian who thinks that he can clean his mind as he would a slate with a wet sponge, is ignorant of the simplest facts of mental life.  ~Allen Johnson, The Historian and Historical Evidence


The theologian may indulge the pleasing task of describing Religion as she descended from Heaven, arrayed in her native purity.  A more melancholy duty is imposed on the historian.  He must discover the inevitable mixture of error and corruption which she contracted in a long residence upon earth, among a weak and degenerate race of beings.  ~Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire


History attempts to provide society with an artificial collective memory.  ~Mark M. Krug, History and the Social Sciences


A morsel of genuine history is a thing so rare as to be always valuable.  ~Thomas Jefferson


History, in general, only informs us what bad government is.  ~Thomas Jefferson


History teaches us the mistakes we are going to make.  ~Author Unknown


History is a living whole.  If one organ be removed, it is nothing but a lifeless mass.  ~Frederic Harrison, The Meaning of History

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Wednesday, June 29, 2011

Lord Canning


Lord Canning (1856-62)

1. Revolt of 1857. It was suppressed in 1858.
2. He was the last Governor General and the first Viceroy.
3. Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1st November 1858) and passing of the India
Act of 1858. This Act ended the rule of East India Company in India
4. Doctrine of Lapse started by Lord Dalhousie was withdrawn in 1859.

5. Foundation of the universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1857.
6. Indigo Revolt in Bengal in 1859-60.
7. White mutiny by the European troops of East India Company in 1859.
8. Bahadur Shah, the last Mughal Emperor was sent to Rangoon (burma) & the Mughal Empire came to a formal ending.
9. Enactment of Indian Penal Code (1858) and Code of Criminal Procedure (1859).
10.1861, Indian Council Act.
11. Indian High Courts Act, 1861.
12. Income Tax was introduced for the first time in 1858...

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Robert Clive


Robert Clive (1757-60) (1765-67)

1. Robert Clive started his career as a clerk in the English East India Company, and he became the Governor of Bengal, following the victory of the Company forces under him in the Battle of Plassey (1757). The Battle of Plassey laid the foundation of the British Empire in India.
2. Roger Drake held the post of the Governor of Bengal for a brief period before Clive.
3. Governor of Bengal twice; from 1757 - 60 and again from 1765-67.

4. Started dual Govt. in Bengal in 1765. It was a system intended to obtain the services of the officials of the erst-while Nawab of Bengal in revenue administration.
5. He forbade the servants of company from indulging in private trade and made payment of internal duties by them obligatory.
6. Bengal White Mutiny by the European brigades at Allahabad and Monghyr, they were arrested and tried.
7. Following the first tenure of Clive, Holwell officiated as the Governor of Bengal for a brief time, followed by Vansittart (1760-1765).
8. Henry Verelst (1767-69) and Cartier (1769-72) succeeded Clive after his second term.
9. The Battle of Buxar was fought and won by the Company forces (1764) when Vansittart was the Governor. The English forces were led by Holwell and the peace treaty (Treaty of Allahabad) was negotiated by Clive. The Battle of Buxar secured the British Empire in India.
10. When he returned to England, Clive was charged with corrupting the political life of England with the ill-gotten money in India. The charges against him included acceptance of bribe and abusing the office of the Governor of Bengal.
11. Though Clive was acquitted, he led a desperate life and committed suicide..

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ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES


ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

1-The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences organised by the British government to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
2-They were conducted as per the recommendation by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. Demands for swaraj, or self-rule, in India had been growing increasingly strong.

3-By the 1930s, many British politicians believed that India needed to move towards dominion status. However, there were significant disagreements between the Indian and the British political parties that the Conferences would not resolve.
1-First Round Table Conference
(November 1930 – January 1931)
5-The Round Table Conference was opened officially by King George V on November 12, 1930 and chaired by the British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald. The three British political parties were represented by sixteen delegates. There were fifty-seven political leaders from British India and sixteen delegates from the princely states.
6-However, the Indian National Congress, along with Indian business leaders, kept away from the conference. Many of them were in jail for their participation in civil disobedience.
Participants
1-Muslim League: Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Shafi, the Aga KhanMuhammad Ali JinnahMuhammad Zafrulla KhanA.K. Fazlul Huq
2-Hindu Mahasabha: B. S. Moonje and M.R. Jayakar
6-Princely states: Akbar Hydari (Dewan of Hyderabad), Sir Mirza Ismail Diwan of Mysore, Kailas Narain Haksar of Gwalior, Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala,Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda, Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir, Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner, Nawab Hamidullah Khan of Bhopal, K.S. Ranjitsinhji of Nawanagar, Maharaja Jai Singh Prabhakar of Alwar and the rulers ofIndoreRewaDholpurKoriyaSangli and Sarila.
7-The idea of an All-India Federation was moved to the centre of discussion. All the groups attending the conference supported this concept. The responsibility of the Executive to Legislature was discussed, and B. R. Ambedkar demanded a separate electorate for the so-called Untouchables.
II-Second Round Table Conference
(September – December 1931)
1-The second session opened on September 7, 1931. There were three major differences between the first and second Round Table Conferences. By the second:
Congress Representation — The Gandhi-Irwin Pact opened the way for Congress participation in this conference. Mahatma Gandhi was invited from India and attended as the sole official Congress representative accompanied by Sarojini Naiduand also Madan Mohan MalaviyaGhanshyam Das BirlaMuhammad IqbalSir Mirza Ismail Diwan of Mysore, S K Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam. Gandhi claimed that the Congress alone represented political India; that the Untouchables were Hindus and should not be treated as a “minority”; and that there should be no separate electorates or special safeguards for Muslims or other minorities. These claims were rejected by the other Indian participants. According to this pact, Gandhi was asked to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and if he did so the prisoners of the British government would be freed excepting the criminal prisoners, i.e those who had killed British officials. He returned to India, disappointed with the results and empty-handed.
National Government — two weeks earlier the Labour government in London had fallen. Ramsay MacDonald now headed a National Government dominated by theConservative Party.
Financial Crisis – During the conference, Britain went off the Gold Standard further distracting the National Government.
During the Conference, Gandhi could not reach agreement with the Muslims on Muslim representation and safeguards. At the end of the conference Ramsay MacDonald undertook to produce a 
Communal Award for minority representation, with the provision that any free agreement between the parties could be substituted for his award.
Gandhi took particular exception to the treatment of untouchables as a minority separate from the rest of the Hindu community. He clashed with the Untouchable leader, B. R. Ambedkar, over this issue: the two eventually resolved the situation with the Poona Pact of 1932.
III-Third Round Table Conference
(November – December 1932)
The third and last session assembled on November 17, 1932. Only forty-six delegates attended since most of the main political figures of India were not present. The Labour Party from Brtain and the Indian National Congress refused to attend.
In this conference, Chaudhary Rahmat Ali, a college student, coined the name “Pakistan” (which means “land of pureness”) as the name for the Muslim part of partitioned India. He took the “P” from Punjab, the “A” from the Afghanistan, the “K” from Kashmir, the “S” from Sindh and the “TAN” from Balochistan. Jinnah did not attend it.
From September 1931 until March 1933, under the supervision of Samuel Hoare, the proposed reforms took the form reflected in the Government of India Act 1935.

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